Bataan Summer 2008

Bataan Perspectives: Who's Bataan Death March
List of References
Miguel Llora

List of References

“Bataan Day.” Bataan Day. 4to40.com. 17 Mar. 2004 <http://www.4to40.com/discoverindia/ festivals/index.asp?article=discoverindia_festivals_bataanday>.

“PGMA’s Message on the Araw ng Kagitingan 2001 Anniversary.” GMA’s Speech - Araw ng Kagitingan 2001 Anniversary. 26 Mar. 2001. Office of the Press Secretary. 17 Mar. 2004 <http://www.ops.gov.ph/speech-2001mar26.htm>.

“PGMA’s Speech during the Celebration of ‘Araw ng Kagitingan’ and Veterans Week.” PGMA’s Speech during the Celebration of ‘Araw ng Kagitingan’ and Veterans Week. 09 Apr. 2003. Office of the Press Secretary. 17 Mar. 2004 <http://www.ops.gov.ph/ speeches2003/speech-2003apr09c.htm>.

“PJEE’s During the Observance of “Araw ng Kagitingan” and Philippine Veteran’s Week.” PJEE’s During the Observance of “Araw ng Kagitingan” and Philippine Veteran’s Week. 04 Apr. 1999. Office of the Press Secretary. 17 Mar. 2004 <http://www.ops.gov.ph/speech-1999apro4.htm>.

“Province of Bataan: A Profile.” Province of Bataan: A Profile. 01 Mar. 2004. Philippine Information Agency. 17 Mar. 2004 <http://www.pia.gov.ph/info/provinces/bataan.pdf>.

Agoncillo, Teodoro. Philippine History. Manila: Inang Wika Publishing Co., 1962.

---. Pilipinas Kong Mahal – Isang Kasaysayan. Manila: Communication Foundation of Asia, 1981.

Agoncillo, Teodoro and Oscar Alfonso. A Short History of the Filipino People. Diliman: University of the Philippines, 1960.

Agoncillo, Teodoro and Milagros C. Guerrero. History of the Filipino People. Quezon City: R.P. Garcia Publishing Co., 1973.

Alabado, Corban. Bataan, Death March, Capas – A Tale of Japanese Cruelty and American Injustice. San Francisco: Sulu Books, 1995.

Alip, Eufronio. Philippine History – Political, Social, Economic. Manila: Alip & Sons, Inc., 1958.

---. Political and Cultural History of the Philippines. Manila: Alip & Sons, Inc., 1954.

Arata, Naka. Kindai kyokasho no seriritsu (The Establishment of Modern Textbooks). Tokyo: Kodan-sha, 1949.

Arata, Naka, and Tokiomi Kaigo, eds. Nihon kyokasho taikei-kindai hen (Outline of Japanese Textbooks – the Modern Period). Tokyo: Kodan-sha, 1962.

Bilek, Tony and O’Connell, Gene. No Uncle Sam: The Forgotten of Bataan. Kent: The Kent State University Press, 2003.

Boyer, Paul S. and Clifford E. Clark, Joseph F. Kett, Neal Salisbury, Harvard Sitkoff, Nancy Woloch. Eds. The Enduring Vision 4^th Edition: A History of the American People. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000.

Butow, Robert. Tojo: And the Coming of the War. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1961.

Cai, Kevin G. "Explaining the Soft-Open Regionalism in East Asia." In Frank Columbus. Ed. Asian Economic and Political Issues, Vol. VIII. 89-113. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2003.

Canfield, Leon et al. The United States in the Making. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1946.

Chang, Iris. The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II. New York: Basic Books, 1997.

Craven, Wesley and James Cate. Eds. The Army Air Forces In World War II Volume 1: Plans and Early Operations January 1939 to August 1942. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1948.

Current, Richard N. and Alexander DeConde, Harris L. Dante. Eds. United States History. Glenview: Foresman, 1967.

Davidson, James W. and Michael B. Stoff. The American Nation. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1995.

Dower, John W. Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1999.

---. War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War. New York: Pantheon Books, 1986.

Dyess, William. Bataan Death March – A Survivor’s Story. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002.

---. The Dyess Story. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1944.

Dubin, Steven C. Displays of Power - Controversy in the American Museums from the Enola Gay to Sensation. New York: New York University Press, 1999.

Falk, Stanley. The March of Death. London: Robert Hale Ltd., 1962.

Faragher, John Mack. Out of Many: A History of the American People 4^th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2003.

Ferguson, Nancy and Phyllis Turnbull. Oh Say, Can You See? The Semiotics of the Military in Hawai'i. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999.

Fujitani, T. "Go for Broke, the Movie: Japanese American Soldiers in the U.S. National, Military, and Racial Discourse." In T. Fujitani, Geoffrey M. White, and Lisa Yoneyama. Eds. Perilous Memories – The Asia-Pacific War(s). 239-266.Durham: Duke University Press, 2001.

Gagelonia, Pedro. Filipino Nation – History and Government. Navotas: Navotas Press, 1977.

Gerow, Aaron. "Consuming Asia, Consuming Japan: The New Neonationalist Revisionism in Japan." In Laura Hein and Mark Selden. Eds. Censoring History: Citizenship and Memory in Japan, Germany, and the United States. 74 – 95. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1999.

Gordon, Richard and Benjamin Llamzon. Horyo: Memoirs of an American POW. St. Paul: Paragon House, 1999.

Griswold, Charles. "The Vietnam Veterans Memorial and the Washington Mall: Philosophical Thoughts on Political Iconography," Critical Inquiry 12 (Summer): 688-719 1982.

Hayashi, Saburo and Alvin Coox. Kogun: The Japanese Army in the Pacific War. Virginia: The Marine Corps Association, 1959.

Hila, Antonio. The Historicism of Teodoro Agoncillo. Manila: University of Santo Tomas Publishing House, 2001.

Hobsbawm, Eric J. Nations and Nationalism Since 1780. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Hunt, Frazier. The Untold Story of Douglas MacArthur. New York: The Devin-Adair Company, 1954.

International Society for Educational Information. Japan in Modern History: Primary School. Tokyo: Shobundo Company Ltd., 1993.

---. Japan in Modern History: Junior High School. Tokyo: Shobundo Company Ltd., 1994.

---. Japan in Modern History: High School vol.1. Tokyo: Shobundo Company Ltd., 1995.

Karnow, Stanley. In Our Image: American Empire in the Philippines. New York: Ballantine Books, 1989.

Knox, Donald. Death March: The Survivors of Bataan. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981.

Kohn, Richard H. "History at Risk: The Case of the Enola Gay." In Linenthal, Edward and Engelhardt, Tom. Eds. History Wars: The Enola Gay and other Battles for the American Past. 140 - 170. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1996.

Langley, Edward Frederick. (Lord Russell of Liverpool ). The Knights of the Bushido: A Short History of Japanese War Crimes. London: Corgi Books, 1965.

Linenthal, Edward and Engelhardt, Tom. Eds. History Wars: The Enola Gay and other Battles for the American Past. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1996.

Loewen, James W. Lies My Teacher Told Me. New York: The New Press, 1995.

Malcampo, Jeremy. "A Tribute to Filipino Heroism." A Tribute to Filipino Heroism. 08 Apr. 2003. The Manila Times. 18 Mar. 2004 <http://www.manilatimes.net/ national/2003/apr/08/life/20030408lif1.html>.

Marshall, George and H. Arnold, Ernest King. The War Reports of General of the Army George C. Marshall (Chief of Staff), General of the Army H. H. Arnold (Commanding General, Army Air Force) & Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King (Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet and Chief of Naval Operations). New York: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1947.

Masalski, Kathleen Woods. "Teaching Democracy, Teaching War: American and Japanese Educators Teach the Pacific War." In Laura Hein and Mark Selden. Eds. Censoring History: Citizenship and Memory in Japan, Germany, and the United States. 258 – 287. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1999.

McCormack, Gavan. "The Japanese Movement to "Correct" History." In Laura Hein and Mark Selden. Eds. Censoring History: Citizenship and Memory in Japan, Germany, and the United States. 53 – 73. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1999.

Moon, Glen W. and Don C. Cline. Story of Our Land and People. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1957.

Morison, Samuel. History of United States Naval Operations in World War II vol. 3: The Rising Sun in the Pacific 1931 – April 1942. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1961.

Morris, Herman and Harry Henderson. Eds. World War II in Pictures Volume 1. New York: The Greystone Press, 1945.

Napier, Susan. Anime from Akira to Princess Mononoke: Experiencing Contemporary Japanese Animation. New York: Palgrave, 2000.

Nash, Gary and Jeffre Roy, Julie Roy. Eds. The American People 5^th Edition: Creating a Nation and a Society. New York: Longman, 2001.

Nozaki, Yoshiko and Inokuchi, Hiromitsu. "Japanese Education, Nationalism, and Ienaga Saburo’s Textbook Lawsuits." In Laura Hein and Mark Selden. Eds. Censoring History: Citizenship and Memory in Japan, Germany, and the United States. 96 – 126. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1999.

Ocampo, Ambeth R. Talking History – Conversations with Teodoro A. Agoncillo. Manila: De La Salle University Press, Inc., 1995.

Poncio, John Henry and Young, Marlin. Girocho: A GI’s Story of Bataan and Beyond. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003.

Rafael, Vicente L. White Love and Other Events in Filipino History. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2000.

Reel, Frank. The Case of General Yamashita. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1949.

Romulo, Carlos. I saw the fall of the Philippines. New York: Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc., 1943.

Rosenzweig, Roy and David Thelen. The Presence of the Past - Popular Uses of History in American Life. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

Saburo, Ienaga. Japan’s Past, Japan’s Future – One Historian’s Odyssey. Richard H. Minear, Trans. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2001

Sides, Hampton. Ghost Soldiers: The Epic Account of World War II’s Greatest Rescue Mission. New York: Anchor, 2002.

Spector, Ronald. Eagle Against the Sun. New York: The Free Press, 1985.

Stimson, Henry and McGeorge Bundy. On Active Service in Peace and War. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1947.

Takemae, Eiji; Ricketts, Robert; and Swann, Sebastian. Eds. Inside Ghq: The Allied Occupation of Japan and Its Legacy. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2002.

Toland, John. But Not in Shame: The Six Months After Pearl Harbor. New York: Random House, 1961.

Tubangui, Helen and Leslie Bauzon, Marcelino Foronda Jr., Luz Ausejo. The Filipino Nation – A Concise History of the Philippines. USA: Groliers International, 1982.

Villa, Benjie. "Araw ng Kagitingan / Star Editorial: Day of Valor." Araw ng Kagitingan / Star Editorial: Day of Valor. 07 April 2004. Philippine Headline News Online. 17 Mar. 2004 <http://www.mts.net/~pmorrow/marag_e.htm>.

Wainwright, Jonathan. General Wainwright’s Story: The Account of Four Years of Humiliating Defeat, Surrender, and Captivity. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1946.

Webster, Donovan. "In Their Footsteps." In Their Footsteps. 01 Mar. 2004. Smithsonian Magazine. 17 Mar. 2004 <http://www.smithsonianmag.si.edu/smithsonian/ issues04/mar04/pdf/bataan.pdf>.

Wigmore, Lionel. Australia in the War of 1939 – 1945 Series One Army volume IV: The Japanese Thrust. Adelaide: The Griffin Press, 1957.

Wood, Leonard. American Voices: A History of the United States. Glenn View: ScottForesman, 1992.

Wray, John. Content Analysis of Japanese Textbooks, 1903-1945. Dis. University of Hawaii, 1971.

Zaide, Gregorio. The Pageant of Philippine History. Manila: Philippine Education Company, 1979.

Zaide, Gregorio and Sonia Z. Pritchard. History of the Republic of the Philippines (College Edition). Mandaluyong: National Book Store, Inc., 1983.

Zaide, Sonia. The Philippines: A Unique Nation. Quezon City: All Nations Publishing Co., Inc., 1999.

---. Philippine History and Government. Quezon City: All Nations Publishing Co. Inc., 1999.

Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States. New York: Harper Perennial, 2003.

Personal Communication

John Joe Martinez - Chairman of the Convention and Visitors Bureau Advisory Board: designer of and responsible for the Bataan Death March Memorial at Las Cruces, New Mexico (June 21-22, 2008).

James Litton - Philippine Representative Battling Bastards of Bataan (June 21-22, 2008, and June 26, 2008).

Federico Baldassarre - Battling Bastards of Bataan (June 21-22, 2008 and June 26, 2008).

Visitor Feedback

On Febuary 1st, 2009 I began polling for visitor feedback.
On the one hand, I was uncertain that my ego could withstand what I thought would be an all out attack on this mock exhibition website.
On the other hand, my thinking changed, I value user feedback as it could:
(1) Only make the site better,
(2) Give me insight into the thinking and background on possible future visitors of the site,
(3) It could be forum to correct any errors,
and (4) To simply get a general feel for what people are thinking about both my ideas and its presentation.
To those who visit the site and have posted your responses a huge thank you, maraming salamat, and domo arigato. Below is a presentation of the feedback in the raw - no alterations or omissions. Since the feedback mechanism is designed to be anonymous the user providing the feedback is protected. Once again, thank you for your valuable feedback... please visit again soon for the updates. Ciao for now. M

Monday, February 02, 2009	I enjoyed your presentation very much. Now I did it a bit backward in that I looked at the first page of the site, tried to access the site through all the words on the large, dark front picture and then noticed all the much smaller text words at the top that I was supposed to click on. Then noticed the flag of the survey at the bottom of my page, went to it, realized I had to go back to read through the site, did so, but now I can't get the survey questions back. Some feedback on your site anyway. Fascinating, horrifying, time of history. A good variety of photographs, text, video. My one comment is that the boxes of text are so full that a couple were a bit of a work to read through--not the writing, it's great--just the amount of small, dense, text on a screen; even a paragraph break or two occasionally would have helped. Otherwise, well done! What a lot of work.
Monday, February 02, 2009	it is meticously researched and put together....it is rather lengthy tho and the pictorials, altho they can be enlarged, are a little hard to follow especially the ones you have to read....it gives a very good coverage of the times and the unsurmountable trials faced by the captured army left behind....rather emotional....
Monday, February 02, 2009	I found the site difficult to navigate. It has a lot of good information, but as a visitor I was not sure where I was supposed to click to follow the narrative. I did finally settle on just clicking the direct links across the top of the page, and the content was excellent. I valued the time and effort it obviously took to put this together.
Monday, February 02, 2009	Informative.
Monday, February 02, 2009	I am amazed by the information I had read on this site. Being a filipino, never did I expect that there is so much to learn and understand about the true stroy on the Bataan death march.
Monday, February 02, 2009	Wish I had more time to finish reading everything. Very informative.
Tuesday, February 03, 2009	Nice historical pictures.
Tuesday, February 03, 2009	it is okay. i have known most of those cited already. most info are not new to me.
Tuesday, February 03, 2009	interesting compilation of historic references pertaining to the conflict
Tuesday, February 03, 2009	photographs, maps, firsthand narratives
Tuesday, February 03, 2009	A reminder of the elicit past that has slipped the minds of many Filipinos.
Tuesday, February 03, 2009	the different perspectives on the Bataan Death March
Wednesday, February 04, 2009	Congratulations on your body of work. Ultimately, monuments and textbooks should lead us to discussion to help better our situation. It begs our minds to see our history through a nationalist perspective. This discussion about the war and its ramifications evolves, to my mind, to many of our present preoccupations, and some are: the emergence of the HUKBALAHAP and its consequent communist/leftist/ marxist evolution, and in another, the continued denial of rights and privileges promised our brave Filipino veterans. For example, might the country have charted a different course had the war proceeded differently, or not happened at all? Of course. Did you know that around Manila, there were seven Manila Cathedral-like churches? Carlos Celdran, in his tours of Intramuros, tells the story of a Manila that was carpet-bombed with nothing left except for a few buildings and heaping piles of dead bodies. Celdran refers to this particular episode as the one that broke our national spirit. My grandfather believes if we wonder why we have no civility (American-style civility, if you believe it (like saying hello to strangers on the street except perhaps New York :) )), it's because we lost our sense of civility and community after the war. On another topic... had those 100,000 families been granted US citizenship, and project that number today by, let's say our natural annual growth rate... perhaps we would be as potent a voting force as the Mexicans, and therefore not taken as lightly by the Republicans... In the end, museums reflect us, but in turn, what will the viewer reflect from that point on? We WILL wonder about what might have been... and use the lessons of history for what we CAN be. Yes we can!
Wednesday, February 04, 2009	easy to navigate, very eye-catching and visually organized, much information. good planning!
Wednesday, February 04, 2009	Very good explication of the event as well as the way that history is rewrittent to suit the purpose of the historian.
Thursday, February 05, 2009	Unfortunately, I fail to see the point of highlighting something that, in my opinion, has very little relevance upon world history. It is VERY much aimed about learning Filipino history, which if I were interested in learning about it's history would make sense. The only value this provides is to help a 'flame war' over something pointless. Yes, it was horrible, but there was a lot of things that occurred in WWII that it is impossible to highlight every little event when learning world history.
Thursday, February 05, 2009	Better understanding of relationships between the three countries, and of the situation in the South Pacific during the second world war.
Thursday, February 05, 2009	Your survey questions are poorly written and are not of a structure or related topic that allows to easily assign numeric values to the responses, making them easier to evaluate via statistical analysis. Insufficient number of questions. Cover letter is very misleading with regard to amount of reading and content of the web site. There is much more on the site than the cover letter implies.
Thursday, February 05, 2009	I appreciated the thoroughness of the site and simplicity of its layout. I like how you can get a lot of concentrated information in one location rather than having to go to different sites. This site is student friendly and as a professional, it interested me as well.
Friday, February 06, 2009	the knowledge of the history provided. in all my years of growing up did not really know a lot about the history behind the bataan march...it was very informative!
Tuesday, February 10, 2009	It's about time somebody writes better description on what really happened there.
Tuesday, February 10, 2009	It was very informative in providing different views of a specific historical time. As a pacifist, I found the experience rather disturbing, but saddly true.