Reflections
on Tibet
Tibet
Chic
Tibet
Today
Present
Situation in Tibet
Voice of Tibet
Tibet
History Timeline
Formal Academic Engagements - Tibet
Tibet Chic: An Examination of The Social Construction
of Tibet by the West
The
Dalai Lama
Tibetan
Buddhism: A Long Tradition a.k.a. Tibetan Buddhism is not just about the
Dalai Lama
Tibetan
Buddhism (An Introduction)
Bonpo
Nyingma
Kahdam
Kagyu
Sakya
Gelug
Geshe
Degree
An
Electronic List of References
“Free
the Panchen Lama.” International
Campaign for Tibet: Free the Panchen Lama. International Campaign
for Tibet. 29 Oct. 2002. <http://www.savetibet.org/PanchenLama/PanchenLamaMain.cfm>.
“His Holiness Penor Rinpoche.” HKStar.com.
HKStar.com. 20 Nov. 2005. <http://home.hkstar.com/~francish/penor.htm>.
“Human Rights situation in China and the dialogue on human rights.”
HRIC. 28 July 2000. Human Rights in China.
31 Oct. 2002. <http://iso.hrichina.org/iso/article.adp?/article_id=48&category_id=30>.
“Introduction to the Five Principal Spiritual Traditions of Tibet.”
The Government of Tibet in Exile. 20 Nov.
2005. <http://www.tibet.com/Buddhism/budintro.html>.
“Tibetan Buddhism: Religion in Tibet.” Travelchinaguide.com.
20 Nov. 2005. <http://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/tibet/tibetan-buddhism.htm>.
“Steven Seagal.” iqnaut.net.
20 Nov. 2005. <http://steven-seagal.iqnaut.net>.
“Steven Seagal Speaks.” Shambala
Sun Online. 20 Nov. 2005. <http://www.shambalasun.com/Archives/Features/1997/Nov.97/Seagal.htm>.
“Take Action: Political Prisoners.” International
Campaign for Tibet: Take Action: Political Prisoners. International
Campaign for Tibet. 29 Oct. 2002. <http://www.savetibet.org/
Team/TeamList.cfm?c=26>.
“The Action Lama.” World Tibet News. World Tibet News.
20 Nov. 2005. <http://www.tibet.dk/karmapa_trust/seagal.htm>.
“The Bonpo’s Tradition.” The
Government of Tibet in Exile. 20 Nov. 2005. <http://www.tibet.com/Buddhism/bon.html>.
“The Gelug Tradition.” The
Government of Tibet in Exile. 20 Nov. 2005. <http://www.tibet.com/Buddhism/gelug.html>.
“The Geshe Degree.” The
Government of Tibet in Exile. 20 Nov. 2005. <http://www.tibet.com/Buddhism/geshe.html>.
“The Kagyu Tradition.” The
Government of Tibet in Exile. 20 Nov. 2005. <http://www.tibet.com/Buddhism/kagyu.html>.
“The Nyingma Tradition.” The
Government of Tibet in Exile. 20 Nov. 2005. <http://www.tibet.com/Buddhism/nyingma.html>.
“The Sakya Tradition.” The
Government of Tibet in Exile. 20 Nov. 2005. <http://www.tibet.com/Buddhism/sakya.html>.
“Tibet - The Issues.” International
Campaign for Tibet: Tibet - The Issues. International Campaign for
Tibet. 29 Oct. 2002. <http://www.savetibet.org/Tibet/TibetMain.cfm>.
“Tibet - The Issues: Human Rights in Tibet.” International
Campaign for Tibet: Tibet - The Issues: Human Rights in Tibet. International
Campaign for Tibet. 29 Oct. 2002. <http://www.savetibet.org/Tibet/TibetList.cfm?c=74>.
“Tibet - The Issues: Tibetan History, Politics and Legal Situation.”
International Campaign for Tibet: Tibet - The
Issues: Tibetan History, Politics and Legal Situation. International
Campaign for Tibet. 29 Oct. 2002. <http://www.savetibet.org/Tibet/TibetList.cfm?c=22>.
Ellis, Eric. “Washington And Hollywood Share A Common Enemy.”
Washington And Hollywood Share A
Common Enemy Eric Ellis. 27 Feb. 1997. Financial Review. 22 Jan. 2003.
<http://www.ericellis.com/uspolitics4.htm>.
Emerson, Tony, and Power, Carla. “With more than seven movies
in the works on Tibet, the embattled land is Hollywood’s favorite
theme and Trendiest cause.” Tibet Gets Chic. 14 May 1997. World Tibet
Network News. 22 Jan. 2003. <http://www.tibet.ca/wtnarchive/1997/5/14_2.html>.
Forney, Matthew. “China Falls for Tibet Chic.” TIMEasia.com:
News -- China Falls for Tibet Chic. 21 Jan. 2001. Time Asia. 22 Jan.
2003. <http://www.time.com/time/
asia/magazine/2001/0129/china.tibet.html>
Gyatso, Tenzin “Human Rights and Universal Responsibility.”
Human Rights and Universal Responsibility.
15 June 1993. The Government of Tibet in Exile. 29 Oct. 2002. <http://www.tibet.com/DL/vienna.html>.
Prothero, Stephen. “Tibetan Buddhism is hot in Hollywood, boffo
in advertising, the cause of choice in rock ‘n’ roll.”
Buddha Chic. 24 May 1997. World Tibet Network News. 22 Jan. 2003.
<http://www.tibet.ca/wtnarchive/1997/5/29_1.html>
Sae-Saue, Jayson. “Orientalism.” Edward
Said, “Orientalism.” 29 Nov. 2001. University of Colorado
at Boulder. 02 Jan. 2003 <http://www.colorado.edu/English/engl2010mk/2said.html>.
Schwankert, Steven. “In
The Grip of Tibet Chic.” Asiaweek.com. Asiaweek.com. 22 Jan. 2003.
Tsai, Joyce. “Pseudo Activist Chic.” Pseudo
Activist Chic. Apr. 1998. Princeton University. 22 Jan. 2001. <http://www.princeton.edu/~progrev/97-98/apr98jt.html>.
Zuck, Jon. “Two Elegies for Tibet: Seven Years in Tibet and Kundun.”
Two Elegies for Tibet: Seven Years in Tibet and Kundun. 1996. Homepage.
22 Jan. 2003. <http://www.frimmin.com/movies/tibet.html>.
TIBETAN PORTRAITS
COPYRIGHT © BY PHIL BORGES AT THE DIANNE FARRIS GALLERY
- Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Tibetan Portraits
Phil Borges: The Face of
Pakistan exhibition, © 2002
Phil Borges Animist: The Spirit of Place, © 2000
Phil Borges Enduring Spirit, © 1996
“TRUE EAST” - Is Tibet
Part of China?
[The counterpoint to Phil Borges]
COPYRIGHT © [http://www.tibetimages.co.uk/politics/politicspage1/politics1.html]
TIBET IN BLACK AND WHITE
IMAGES © 2003 MATTHEW T. KAPSTEIN
COPYRIGHT © 2003 SHELLEY AND DONALD RUBIN FOUNDATION
THE REAL TIBET
PROVIDED THROUGH THE KINDNESS OF JOHN ACKERLY OF THE
INTERNATIONAL CAMPAIGN FOR TIBET
IMAGES © 2003 JOHN ACKERLY
COPYRIGHT © 2003 INTERNATIONAL CAMPAIGN FOR TIBET

Informal
Sub-Section - Tibet
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Virtual
Tibet: Searching for Shangri-La from the Himalayas to Hollywood: In
Virtual Tibet, Orville Schell demarcated the land persecuted by China
and the Shangri-la of Western invention. Essentially Schell is concerned
in presenting Hollywood's impact on our views of Tibet. Schell begins
by unfolding a trip he made to Tibet as a consequence of perceptions
based books like Heinrich Harrer's Seven Years in Tibet. The book
closes with Schell visiting the set of a 1997 movie of Harrer's story,
and pondering on its impact.
I could not agree more that Tibet could benefit from a more realistic
representation. In Virtual Tibet, Schell does a wonderful job of tracing
the multifaceted historical events that have tangled the indigenous
population of Tibet with the Mongols and the Chinese. Schell tries
unsuccessfully to solicit our sympathy for the Chinese occupation
by indicating they have pumped over $4 billion into Tibet. Ironically,
Orville that money has not to the benefit of the locals Tibetans but
rather to line the pockets of the Chinese army and the Han Chinese
invaders who have displaced and are ethnically cleansing Tibet.
Most of Virtual Tibet concentrates on a more elusive issue: the double
bind of the Shangri-la invention by Westerners. My sense is that we
will never really get rid of this invention because we are trying
to fill a void which we never can fill. According to Schell, the enthrallment
began with Marco Polo's. Schell offers an excellent sequential listing
of succeeding works from Odorico de Pordenone in the 14th century,
through several other Catholic Capuchin and Jesuit missionaries, ending
with the first British intruders in the 18th century. Schell culminates
his list with James Hilton's Lost Horizon, published in 1933, and
Out of This World, the 1950 book by Lowell Thomas.
According to Schell, the Dalai Lama's straddles a curious divide "inaccessibility
for accessibility and aloofness for involvement." However, ironically
Tibet fell to China precisely because of this "inaccessibility
and aloofness." This muddling of reality has done the Tibetan
cause nothing but harm. There is the complication of Steven Seagal,
the so called martial arts expert, actor, director, and producer has
been proclaimed a tulku, a reincarnation of a high lama. Schell concludes
that Seagal probably received it in exchange for a large contribution.
It is this very muddling, I think, and Schell should have come out
stronger that is preventing the Tibetans from gaining their much deserved
independence and self-determination.
Conversely, the most intriguing issue Schell raises superficially
is that "our fantasies of places on or off this earth generally
reflect far more about ourselves ... than we perhaps care to know,"
and then stops there. It is clear that our Orientalism is really less
to do about the reality of the inventions but more to do with what
we aspire as a void we are trying to fill in ourselves and Schell
skirts the issue, I feel he skirts the issue because the Dalai Lama
and the Tibetans need these fantasies in order to keep the cause alive
in the minds of westerners - mostly to seek sympathy form western
sponsors - a tricky situation to be in. In closing, we should give
up our fictitious view of Tibet and our insistence on Lhasa as the
locus of mysticism. Instead, in its place should be the reality of
Realpolitik and that rather than wishful thinking we should take concrete
steps work for its freedom, less concerned with metaphysical but replaced
by humanist considerations. |
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Demystifying
Tibet : Unlocking the Secrets of the Land of the Snows by Lee Feigon:
There is question that haunts most Tibet scholars (not to mention
envious Buddhist adherents: Just what is it about Tibet that it lures
such an amazing list of myths? There seems to be no other space on
the planet so enveloped in myth, illusion, and fantasy. This unique
myth-making occurred (occurs) not only in the West - through the dangerous
distortions of its religious traditions (by Madame Blavatsky and Lobsang
Rampa, the Irish plumber turned self-anointed Tibetan monk, among
others - more on this in Donald Lopez's "Prisoners of Shangri-La)
or more insidiously through utopianesque novels such as James Hilton's
Lost Horizon. Moreover, we see the same distortions in modern China
which has demonized Tibetan life and society prior to 1950 and then
reversing themselves by while glorifying it ever since. The main thesis
of Lee Feigon's "Demystification" is that Tibet is not part
of China. Transcending all the mythmaking and using hard scholarship,
Feigon reverts back to the Tang and Qing to confront head on the claims
that Tibet is part of China. The presence of Princess Wencheng is
proof positive the Tang dynasty China had to deal with Tibet on an
equal basis - equal and separate.
One of the more interesting observations Feigon makes has to do with
the consequences of the Shangri-La image Tibet has in the West: "Unfortunately
this sympathy for Tibetans strengthened the world's view of them as
the purveyors of a kind of humble goodness, symbolized by the image
of peace and wisdom. Although this image is meant to glorify the Tibetans,
it really obscures them. It perpetuates a stereotype of Asians who
are either all good or all evil, never real people. It contrasts the
evil Chinese against the good Tibetans and accomplishes almost the
opposite of what it seeks to promote. Instead of treating the Tibetans
as a separate people, it casts them again into the shadow of China."
(p. 22)
"Demystifying Tibet" is an authoritative look at Tibetan
civilization and history. In this book Feigon examines the global
perspectives which have shaped our image of Tibet. Feigon is a professor
of East Asian Studies, and complete with detailed footnotes - he brings
to presence a contradictions of Shangri-La. I highly recommended this
book as a basis for a college course. |
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A
History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State
by Melvyn Goldstein: Melvyn Goldstein's goal is not to prop up
one side of the other in this debate; instead, he gives an account
the past and the process that led to "the demise, in 1951, of
the de facto independent Lamaist State." He posits that even
though external actors gave rise to the fall of independent Tibet,
in-house dynamics produced the state of affairs that enabled peripheral
actors, mainly China, to succeed. Principal among the factors causative
to Chinese military triumph was the fact that Tibet was not geared
up for fighting. Tibet's religious leadership obstinately resisted
the military transformation that might have enabled Tibet to resist
Chinese domination. The point is now moot. This is played out in some
length in its theatrical renditions in movies such as: Jean-Jacques
Annaud's "Seven Years in Tibet" and Martin Scorsese's "Kundun"
(both also available on Amazon.com). Truth be told, it was actually
built-in to the Tibetan ontological framework of passivity and extreme
isolation (somewhat self-imposed) that lead to its not being prepared
for the Chinese onslaught. Through no fault of theirs events took
the shape they did.
The book is broken up into two distinct parts - the opening part focusing
on the 13th Dalai Lama and the period following his death and the
next part dealing with the Taktra Regency (1941-1950) and the critical
events of 1951. Goldstein sees the work as bridging: "two diametrically
opposing views of Tibet's political status... The pro-Tibetan school
argues that Tibet had been an independent state conquered by the Chinese
Communists and was wrongly incorporated into the Chinese state. The
pro-Chinese school sees Tibet as a traditional part of China which
split from it as a consequence of British machinations after the fall
of the Manchu dynasty, but which was rightly reunited with China in
1951" (xix). Goldstein, an anthropologist by schooling, does
what he does best by submitting huge quantities of data, and suffers
from the fact that he does not critically analyze the date in relation
to the key issue of status. Status being what he himself brought on
as his central thesis.
Goldstein's tale of political proceedings in Tibet during this, the
twentieth century is by far more wide-ranging than any until that
time, published; whether it is really more accurate or representative,
or subject to politically expediency, is one of the questions brought
up by his merely penning the book. He goes into great detail on what
he refers to as the "serf" system in Tibet which is seen
to be a misnomer by most Tibetans. On of the most disturbing issues
relating to this massive missive is that Goldstein fails to mention
the number of Tibetans in Tibet who suddenly died after having been
"compelled to accept Chinese sovereignty" which has been
projected to have been as much as 1.2 million (out of a population
of around 6 million). This series of problematical events is also
known by another expression, used by the International Commission
of Jurists in 1960 in their denunciation of the Chinese actions in
Tibet: "genocide." For more details on this and some of
the other issues Goldstein may have missed, you can refer to "In
Exile from the Land of Snows: The Definitive Account of the Dalai
Lama and Tibet since the Chinese Conquest" by John F. Avedon
(also available on Amazon.com).
I have to give Goldstein kudos though for placing complexity where
there was none previously. This book shatters some of our closely
held notions of Tibet as some form of Shangri-La. It may not have
been his intent but Goldstein (as well as Avedon) clearly point out
how betrayed or ignored Tibet was by Britain and America for geopolitical
and selfish shortsighted reasons. The tome is an amazing look at the
complexity and the range/extent of internal (for a lack of a better
word) infighting that existed. Internal rivalries such as those between
the monasteries resulting form their own internal infrastructure may
have been one of the major causes and Goldstein makes an unwitting
argument for internal sovereignty. The book is long and is meant for
those who are interested (as no book this long will sustain a reader
unless there is initial interest) but should always be critically
examined and compared against other studies about Tibet. For Goldstein's
lack of romanticizing of Tibet, I give him 5 stars. |
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Prisoners
of Shangri-LA : Tibetan Buddhism and the West by Donald S. Lopez Jr.:
Lopez is a genius and really gets at the heart of the Western
construction of Tibet, the realities of the Panchen Lama and the Shugden
affair really hit home that Tibet is real and for as long was we treat
Tibet as the ideal Shangri-La, we deny Tibet any real space in history.
Lopez writes, "To the extent that we continue to believe that
Tibet prior to 1950 was a utopia, the Tibet of 1998 will be no place"
(11). This book is a triumph in Tibetan studies and should be read,
written, and discussed. Donald Lopez shows us that from within how
to find some way to break free from the carceral community and perhaps
"some may find a file with which to begin the slow work or sawing
though the bars" (Lopez 13). Lopez writes, "This book does
not set out to apportion praise and blame. Neither is its purpose
to distinguish good Tibetology from bad, to separate fact from fiction,
or the scholarly from the popular, but to show their confluence. The
question considered is not how knowledge is tainted but how knowledge
takes form. This book then is an exploration of some of the mirror-lined
cultural labyrinths that have been created by Tibetans, Tibetophiles,
and Tibetologists, labyrinths that the scholar may map but in which
the scholar also must wander. We are captives of confines of our own
making, we are all prisoners of Shangri-La. This book, then, is not
written outside the walls of the prison, nor does it hold the key
that would permit escape. Hidden in its pages, however, some may find
a file with which to begin the slow work of sawing though the bars"
(Lopez 13). This book, in my opinion, is one of the best books around
on the social construction of Tibet. This book is effectively a history
of the "Orientalist" creation of Tibet. Lopez give an account
of a vast set of creations of Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism that pervade
popular western culture. Tsering Shakya reads in Lopez's work that
Tibet remained outside the scrutiny of post-colonial discourse because
it was never really annexed by a western colonial power. My sense
is that the remoteness and seemingly unprofitable conditions that
was Tibet insulated it from colonial powers in the past - not anymore.
But the extensive examination of the archive that Lopez undertakes
undermines Shakya's reading of Lopez that it was never really annexed
- maybe not physically but certainly was culturally. I have to agree
with Lopez in that there are really two Tibets - the somewhat more
authentic one and the one constructed by the West. In his extensive
look at the archive, Lopez digs into a few very key aspects of Tibetan
Buddhism that were not just appropriated but rather misappropriated
to seem almost representative of the whole of Tibet. In Lopez's examination
of the phenomenon of Lamaism, his deconstruction of T. Lobsang Rampa,
his examination of the discourse of the Book of the Dead, and the
uncritical appropriation of the mantra Om Mani Padme Hum we see how
extensive the invention is of Tibet is in the West. The Dalai Lama
himself is quick to point out that Lamaism (which really does not
exist) is not a debasement of Buddhism but rather that the reverse
is true. Tibetan Buddhists, perhaps more than any other sect, adhere
strictly to the Sutras. Translated from the original Sanskrit, Tibetan
text and the commentaries are perhaps the "purest" - if
I might be allowed to use the phrase without overly romanticizing.
Lopez continues by outlining what I would call his version epistemic
violence that is within the framework of dualities: "Thus Lamaism
may be portrayed in the West as the most authentic and most degenerate
form of Buddhism, Tibetan monks may be portrayed as saintly or rapacious,
Tibetan artists may be portrayed as inspired mystics and mindless
automatons, Tibetan peasants may be portrayed as pristine or filthy.
This language about Tibet not only creates knowledge about Tibet,
in many ways creates Tibet, a Tibet that Tibetans in exile have come
to appropriate and deploy in an effort to gain both standing in exile
and independence for their country" (Lopez 10). The deconstruction
of the T. Lobsang Rampa is very telling in that falsification is very
difficult. Making all sorts of questionable claims - akin to the ones
made by Madam Blavatsky of the Theosophical Society - very difficult
to disprove (or even prove). The discourse of the Book of the Dead
and its publication here in the west and it position as representative
and preeminent status as "the book" (as Lopez likes to call
it) is really proven to be the product of western academic fiction.
The exoticizing of the mantra Oh Mani Padme Hum only proves that the
Orientalist discourse of the self and other and the rendering "exotic"
is alive and well. Lopez compels us to ask the question, "Who's
Tibet"? |
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In
Exile from the Land of Snows: The Definitive Account of the Dalai
Lama and Tibet Since the Chinese Conquest by John F. Avedon:
Books Like "In Exile from the Lands of Snows and Movies like
"Seven Years in Tibet" and "Kundun" destroy the
myth of Shangri-La while portraying Tibet as real through participation
in the production and giving advice on the historical accuracy of
both movies and book giving Tibet complexity. The myth of Shangri-La
as laid out by James Hilton in "Lost Horizon", as far as
the West is concerned, is as real as any Homeric myth can be. Westerners,
mired in the irony of losing a fantasy, do not have to deal with real
flesh and blood issues. Deconstructing by examining the power relations
lifts the veil of fantasy and offers a more authentic discourse. Read
this book with an open mind and be ready to discard old notions of
myth, fantasy and construction. A resounding 5 stars! |
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Ethics
for the New Millennium: His Holiness the Dalai Lama by Dalai Lama,
Dalai Lama: According to His Holiness the Dalai Lama - Ethics
for the New Millennium is not a spiritual book. However, what is clear
is that his conclusions and recommendations come from a long history
of Tibetan Mahayana Buddhism. Mahayana is one of the two main vehicles
of Tibetan Buddhism. In this sense, his message is a universal rather
than a personal one. In this book, His Holiness speaks to larger social
and moral issues. "My aim has been to appeal for an approach
to ethics based on universal rather religious principles (xiii)."
The Dalai Lama has used this approach for this book because as far
as his powers of observation tell him, humanity has turned their back
on traditional religions (the classical mode for ethical considerations)
but nonetheless seek happiness in a world gone out of control. Despite
the book not being a drastic departure from any of his previous work,
it does cover issue that he has not dealt with prior to this one -
issues of bioethics and excessive materialism. In this book, he is
open and comes across, as folk - just folk with everyday concerns
and human needs - like his thoughts about his mundane attachment to
his watch.
The whole book is written in a simple and almost conversational tone
is clearly aimed at a large audience. A far cry from the more technical
books such as Path to Bliss, The Art of Happiness, The Meaning of
Life form a Buddhist Perspective and even Kindness, Clarity and Insight
on religion and meditation and more in tune with his autobiographical
pieces like Freedom in Exile and My Land and My People, this book
shines as a testament to a man who truly love humanity. As a point
of method, the almost step-by-step approach lends itself to a friendly
guru, of which is perhaps one of the more visible of his many personae
to the western world. What is really important to take away from this
book is his use of Tibetan roots and his transforming then into everyday
language - making the issues and possible solutions accessible to
the ordinary (as in non-technical) reader.
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Freedom
in Exile by Lama Dalai: Not long ago, the question was posed to
His Holiness the Dalai Lama as to why he penned his autobiography
-- Freedom in Exile. To this query he responded with: `I am human
being who had quite a lot of sad situation, yet my mental health seems
not bad. I think some people might find some idea [in my tale], some
small contribution for inner peace, for happiness.' The story starts
in a small village in the roof of the world at an altitude of 3 miles
deep in Eastern Tibet... Lhamo Thondup was only 2 when the monks came
to fetch him 1937. The search party waltz right into his peasant parents'
farmhouse and things were never the same again. Lhamo Thondup was
eventually taken away to Lhasa -- the fabled capital in the Land of
the Snows. He was God - recognized through the a dozen omens - skeptics
will always question - (a) the way the head of the recently deceased
13th Dalai Lama had turned in its coffin toward the east, (b) the
direction of the boy's home, and (3) the vision of the child's very
house seen in the lake of Lhamo Lhatso by a Reting Rinpoche. When
the young Lhamo was escorted to the late 13th Dalai Lama's room at
the summer palace in Norbulingka, the toddler allegedly motioned toward
a little case and announced nonchalantly, `My teeth are in there.'
To the amazement of the accompanying monks a set of the late 13th
false teeth were contained therein.
The Dalai Lama told Newsweek, `Exile has made me tougher.' Moreover,
according to his younger brother Tenzin Choegyal, exile has `enabled
him [the Dalai Lama] to realize his full potential.' This achievement
did have a price -- in the Potala, His Holiness the Dalai Lama was
both secluded and isolated. If one positive thing has resulted from
his having to depart Tibet, was that he was brought closer to the
plight of his own people and the rest of the world. Tenzin Gyatso,
now the 14th Dalai Lama was given the chance to see things as they
really are. In `Freedom in Exile' the message becomes a universal
one - one that transcends a locality and that is what makes this book
so compelling and necessary. From being the most secluded leader of
the modern world, the 14th Dalai Lama is now among the most traveled,
most celebrated and best known. The humble figure in maroon robes
has become the locus of attention for the world's angst about Chinese
authoritarianism and ideological expansion. The situation of the Tibetans
- as penned by the Dalai Lama in `Freedom in Exile' is proof positive
that despite Mao's utterances that `Religion is Poison' - we are left
thinking perhaps the reverse is true - `Non-Religion is Poison'.
Ironically, this is not the role to which he was born. The Dalai Lama
not have mixed with ordinary people in Tibet if it had not been for
the Chinese invasion. I guess this statement may never be proven true
nor false as it hinges on pure speculation. In `Freedom in Exile'
the Dalai Lama does allude to the need form change j-but not at the
pace and form that the Chinese used. As he outlines in his autobiography,
`Freedom in Exile,' on the rare occasions he left his official residence
-- the cold 1,000-room Potala palace in Lhasa -- he moved past his
minions on a yellow silk palanquin, pulled by 20 army officers in
green cloaks and red hats and surrounded by hundreds of men: monks
and musicians, sword-wielding horsemen and `porters carrying my songbirds
in cages and my personal belongings all wrapped in yellow silk.' To
ensure the people didn't get too near, the monastic police encircled
the whole entourage. `In their hands they carried long whips, which
they would not hesitate to use,' he wrote. Sad for one so attuned
now to the needs of his people.
The country over which he ruled was a land of people who believed
the Buddha's tenet that one's action in this life determines one's
fate in the next. Since the establishment of Buddhism as Tibet's chief
religion in the eighth century, parents had inculcated into their
children that all life, animal and human, is sacred. `I have never
seen less evidence of hatred, envy, malice and uncharitableness [than
in Tibet],' penned Hugh Richardson, British India's trade consul to
the remote nation in the 1940s. However, that peace in the `Rooftop
of the World' was violently destroyed when in 1950, 84,000 PLA troops
launched a dawn offensive against six different positions along the
border. According to his account, in 1959, the Dalai Lama, by then
age 24, fled for his life through the snow across 17,000-foot Himalayan
passes into India in an effort to preserve his nation, his people
and his heritage. Since then, he has lived in the Indian mountain
village of Dharamsala, the capital of the Tibetan government-in-exile.
The book is full of references to a man with a sense of purpose --
rising at 4 a.m. daily to meditate, meet with cabinet members and
refugees and pursue worldly interests that include Western neurobiology
and physics.
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Seven
Years in Tibet by Heinrich Harrer: No doubt that "Seven
Years in Tibet" is an intimate portrait. A careful re-read
will show an almost Indiana Jones quality to the book. Despite the
objections to the contrary, Heinrich Harrer is a storyteller --
and a good one. I have to admit to an almost subjective experience
with the book. I found my original copy (which I gave away as a
gift) in a small store in Dharamsala in India. It was a close companion
and source of solace at a time and in a place that was alien to
me. I am certain that Harrer felt the same way when he was interned
in India in 1939. Harrer escaped only to find himself in Tibet.
The narrative of the escape is the stuff of legend is revisited
in detail in the book and in the movie with Brad Pitt (also available
on Amazon.com). However, I do have to caution the reader -- it is
a European perspective and almost flirts with a benign sense of
condescension. In an odd sort of way, Harrer is almost neo-imperialist.
He is a mountain climber so he is no stranger to survival and unique
cultures. It is a rounded account of the Tibetans and could only
be told by one who lived among them. Was he able to penetrate the
veil? Only you the reader will be able to ascertain that one. Harrer
has interesting impressions of both His Holiness the Dalai Lama
and the Oracle. If you asked them, I am certain the story would
be different. Tibetans as a people have as much right to a sense
of self determination as anyone. Their cause will not be furthered
by infusing a sense of noble subject or a sense of idealized Shangri-La.
Thanks goodness Harrer does fall into this trap and I need to give
him props for that. It is a read that I never tire of even a second
or a third time.
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Tibetan
Portrait: The Power of Compassion by Phil Borges, et al: Phil
Borges presents, through the medium of photography, a project that
brings attention to the situation in Tibet. Both stylish and yet sensitive,
Borges uses an extensive cross section of subjects to accomplish this.
He brings to the project, like I mentioned above, an extensive cross
section not just of subjects but locations as well that exemplify
the phenomenal complexity and diversity in that country. An example
is the portrait of Yama, which caught my eye, who could be any child
in any place in the world. I might be waxing "noble savage"
here but does she not deserve a childhood just like any child in the
globe? With text from such notables as Nobel Peace Laureates like
Elie Wiesel and His Holiness Tenzin Gyatso - the book is a sure hit
and a must for every home. Not to be outdone are other contributors
who themselves are "heavy hitters" in the discourse of Tibet
and Tibetan issues - Robert F. Thurman and the late Galen Rowell.
Phil Borges presents us with nothing less than a tour de force of
visual stimulation coupled with profound text and a stylish presentation.
A keeper that will stand the test of time. |
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Lost
Horizon by James Hilton: The myth of Shangri-La, as created by
James Hilton in his classic book "Lost Horizon", is an example
of one simplistic myth. Hilton's Shangri-La is a utopia that is idyllic:
peaceful, serene and the people - subservient. The irony of Hilton's
Shangri-La is that it is not only a simplistic but also a false representation
of Tibet. Although Hilton does not say it directly, all the symbols
point to a literary construction of a mountain city/country run by
a high priest - a french one at that. The myth of Shangri-La does
not reflect the authentic narrative of Tibet. I praise Hilton for
his literary style and his imaginative spirit. I highly recommend
this book but keep in mind that it is part and parcel of a dangerous
and overly simplistic mechanism of what Edward Said coined as "Orientalism".
Read it for all it is worth then pick up "In Exile from the Lands
of Snows" by John F. Avedon and judge for yourself. |


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They
Are Still Serving Rice in Tibet: Khyentse Norbu's Phörpa
or The Cup is going to be difficult to sell in the US because it deal
with two subjects that a US audience is not particularly interested
in - Tibet and Soccer. In short, (on the surface) the story is about
two young boys who escape from Tibet, land in a Bhutanese monastery,
join up with other more established monks in waiting who are crazy
about soccer, have an adventure and live happily ever after. Sure
it is all this - but it is much more. Phörpa calls us to question
some very fundamental issues that continue to haunt us - a nation's
and a people's right to free expression in the guise of a bunch of
everyday kids who just want to watch Soccer.
With regards to Soccer, I for one did not care whether Norbu's creatively
use and re-sequenced the games played in the World Cup - who cares.
Phörpa uses the World Cup as a metaphor or as a symbol for the
potential unity of people from different countries or backgrounds.
The World Cup is one thing that the majority of the world can agree
to watch together, even though, ironically, the event itself is competitive
- we hear the almost pastoral utterance "Two civilized nations
fight over a ball." One thing watching Phörpa does prove
is that even if we are all like crayons - some are sharp, some are
pretty and some are dull; some have weird names, and all are different
colors, but they all have to live in the same box - in other words
the more we seem to differ - the more we are actually the same - proven
by the unifying image of the World Cup.
On the subject of Tibet, several items came to presence for me. One
of the items that hit me like a sledgehammer was Geko's transformation.
Such transformations are a testimony to the ever elastic culture of
Tibet.
The film takes yet another sub two pronged approach - a human level
and a political level - the two may be mutually independent but are
nonetheless intrinsically intertwined. On the human aspect - the monks
are very similar to people who regularly go to movies. I have to agree
with most that Phörpa is one of the most subtle political films
ever made despite sometimes not so subtle inclusion of such lines
as "Chinese are still serving rice in Tibet."
Many youngsters in the present day will without a doubt gain from
seeing this unsanitized view of Tibetans in exile. The hope is that
said youngsters will better comprehend a people with a dissimilar
cultural and epistemological basis than their own. Moreover, the youth
of today will learn to "give props," revere and acknowledge
the difficulties other peoples experience - in other words they will
learn - compassion. Lastly, despite the successes of western "progress"
the west is certainly not the only model worth emulating and that
such things as differences within a cultured space matter. In the
end, people decide in their own countries what form liberal democracy
takes within their specific cultural context. Bravo Khyentse Norbu
and Tashi Delek! |
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Tibet
- Cry of the Snow Lion: Tibet: Cry of the Snow Lion is an astonishing
documentary concerning the near-destruction of Tibetan culture,
the suffering of the people, and the will to survive. Director and
cinematographer Tom Peosay should be applauded for his efforts and
results - he has created an amazing pedagogical tool.
Sections of the documentary draw our attention to the plight of
the Tibetan people and their ongoing struggles under Chinese Communist
oppression. According to Robert Thurman, pre-occupation Tibet was
a Buddhist theocracy, a country that invested 85% of its national
budget to support monastic universities. Once again, to borrow from
Thurman, it would be the equivalent to the entire U.S. defense budget
going into education so as to develop "enlightened people."
According to this documentary, because the monasteries also controlled
the land, when the Chinese "liberated" Tibet, the religious
sector was marked for destruction. The wicked opening sequence uses
exceptional archival and undercover footage covering the Lhasa demonstrations
of 1987. In this same incident, Jampa Tenzin was severely burned
while attempting to rescue monks from a burning police station where
they were being held. Ironically, although he was hailed as a hero
for his courage the time, he was eventually detained by the Chinese,
tortured, and finally killed.
As the documentary shows, the Dalai Lama is still the most credible
spokesperson for the suffering of his people. Continuously, the
Dalai Lama points to the fact that he holds no hatred for the Chinese
oppressors. To the contrary, he sees them as teachers who encourage
him to the spiritual practice of compassion. The Dalai Lama's proposal
that Tibet become a demilitarized "Zone of Peace" seems
both creative and sound - but does not seem to hold much currency
to the Chinese who wish to strip Tibet of its natural resources.
Moreover, even if the Chinese have rebuilt several monasteries -
after destroying most of them - they are constantly trying to remove
any memory of the Dalai Lama.
China's latest method of stamping out Tibetan religion and culture
sustained program of ethnic cleansing that includes the construction
of a railroad that will speed up populating the area with ethnic
Han Chinese. The documentary reveals how this demographic shift
has impacted Lhasa altering the landscape with large apartment complexes,
brothels, and Western style stores. For those of us who seem to
plead for authentic - allow us to explain that this is not a defense
of a primordial, essential, or uniquely unique Tibet. It is, however,
a revolutionary disruption that is both unwelcome and unsuccessful.
Cultures come and go but it is up to the participants within that
culture to decide what is beneficial or not - and should never be
imposed and violence I find difficult to understand despite the
humanist agenda of communism. There is wrong, and there is wrong,
and there is what the Chinese are doing in Tibet. For those tourists
who visited Tibet and where enchanted by what seemed normal and
espouse a belief that perhaps Tibetans should just follow Chinese
edicts - think again - as this documentary points out, many Tibetans
are unemployed and live in poverty. With their religion and culture
under siege, Tibetans have little to cling to except hope that one
day they will have self-determination.
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Kundun
DVD ~ Tenzin Thuthob Tsarong: There is an unexpected quite dignity
that surrounds "Kundun" that one would not expect from Scorsece.
However, to take a risk like this, to attempt to create a piece out
of something so ontologically divergent from his hard boiled hoodlum
movies, Scorsece has to be recognized.
I'm certain that everything about the movie itself - has been written
and talked about to death so I won't get into all that. However, the
clever use of non-Hollywood actors; the imagery; the epic struggle
of a coming of age of a boy, magically discovered, to grow into a
man of international renown and consequence.
Over and above the cinematic triumph of the efforts of Scrosece, Matheson
and Roger; little is said about the attempts by the Chinese Government
to stop this movie from seeing the light of day. I guess the power
of Scorsece to portray religious figures as human beings and not distant
godheads was not missed on the Chinese Authorities.
Scorsece run the risk of caricaturing due to the vastness of his subject
and his impact on the world - and passed with flying colors. We have
to ask ourselves though, as a viewing public: Is this a form of escapism?
A longing for an ontological framework so divergent from our own?
We long for it despite knowing full well that we will never understand
its detail without the discipline of research beyond a two hour movie.
We continue to wish that a Shangri-La still exists. Scorsece's efforts
to infuse a semblance of realpolitik show us no sign of Shangri-La
and it is for that that I will forever remember this film.
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Seven
Years in Tibet DVD ~ Brad Pitt: Ever since Ronald Colman raised
the bar of expectation by his not so chance encounter with Shangri-La
in the 1937 movie rendition of "Lost Horizon", we have been
trying to find our way back. Thanks to movies like "Seven years
in Tibet", we can focus on the real issues rather than paradise
revisited.
With the release of the movie version of Heinrich Harrer's "Seven
Years in Tibet" we are presented with a different story - one
less fairly tale...Jacque Annaud's...film allows us to move away from
the fantasy created by "Lost Horizon"... Annaud succeeds
in bringing Tibet to life, to make it more human, more real.
As much as the story is Harrer's, it seems inevitable that the focus
moves away from him and onto the Dalai Lama. The book reads like an
outsider looking at things from the outside in. The focus of the book,
is all Harrer. Luckily, film has an ability to visualize the books
cannot ever provide - a real immediate feel. The movie is everything
and it at times almost feels like it will slide into Indiana Jones.
However, the power of Tibet saves it. It almost feel like Pitt and
Thewlis are out of place. The real stars are the set, the landscape
and the Nepalese extras. Filmed everywhere but Tibet, the film does
give its western audience a real soft landing, one that they will
not get with Scorsese's "Kundun"... Hollywood does need
to supply a demand and we demand epic scenes, high priced talent,
a sense of the exotic. As if east meets west and the fusion of the
two is greater than the sum of the parts. For the attention to detail,
I can't help but sing the praises. If you can stomach Pitt's fake
Austrian accent, the film is a visual delight. It would be a tempting
fantasy to hope that we can preserve it [...] |
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